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Objective: Falls in older adults are associated with increased motor vehicle crash risk, possibly mediated by driving behavior. We examined the relationship of falls and fear of falling (FOF) with subsequent objectively measured d...
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Objective: Falls in older adults are associated with increased motor vehicle crash risk, possibly mediated by driving behavior. We examined the relationship of falls and fear of falling (FOF) with subsequent objectively measured driving habits. Methods: This multi-site, prospective cohort study enrolled 2990 active drivers aged 65-79 (53% female). At enrollment, we assessed falls in the past year and FOF (Short Falls Efficacy Scale-International). Driving outcomes included exposure, avoidance of difficult con-ditions, and unsafe driving during one-year follow-up, using in-vehicle Global Positioning System devices. Results: Past-year falls were associated with more hard braking events (HBE). High FOF was asso-ciated with driving fewer days, miles, and trips, driving nearer home and more HBE. Differences were attenuated and not significant after accounting for health, function, medications and sociodemographics. Discussion: Differences in objectively measured driving habits according to past-year fall history and FOF were largely accounted for by differences in health and medications. Rather than directly affecting driv-ing, falls and FOF may serve as markers for crash risk and reduced community mobility due to age-related changes and poor health.(c) 2022 National Safety Council and Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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PurposeDog walking is a popular daily activity, yet information regarding its injury burden is limited. This study describes the epidemiology of injuries related to leash-dependent dog walking among adults presenting to US emergen...
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PurposeDog walking is a popular daily activity, yet information regarding its injury burden is limited. This study describes the epidemiology of injuries related to leash-dependent dog walking among adults presenting to US emergency departments from 2001 to 2020.MethodsA retrospective analysis was performed using the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System database to identify adults (& GE;18 yr) presenting to US emergency departments with leash-dependent dog walking-related injuries between 2001 and 2020. Outcomes included annual estimates of injury incidence, injury characteristics, and risk factors for sustaining a fracture or traumatic brain injury (TBI). Weighted estimates and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were generated using National Electronic Injury Surveillance System sample weights.ResultsBetween 2001 and 2020, an estimated 422,659 adults presented to US emergency departments with injuries related to leash-dependent dog walking. The annual incidence increased more than fourfold during this period (n = 7282 vs n = 32,306, P < 0.001). Most patients were women (75%) and adults age 40 to 64 yr (47%), with a mean age of 53 & PLUSMN; 0.5 yr. Patients commonly injured their upper extremity (51%) and were injured while falling when pulled or tripped by the leash (55%). The three most common injuries were finger fracture (6.9%), TBI (5.6%), and shoulder sprain/strain (5.1%). On multivariate analysis, fracture risk among dog walkers was higher in adults age & GE;65 yr (odds ratio [OR], 2.1; 95% CI, 1.8-2.5) and women (OR, 1.5; 95% CI, 1.3-1.7). Risk of TBI was also elevated among older dog walkers (OR, 1.6; 95% CI, 1.3-2.0).ConclusionsDog walking is associated with a considerable and rising injury burden. Dog owners should be informed of this injury potential and advised on risk-reduction strategies.
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We examined racial/ethnic inequities in the prevalence of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and examined the association between ACEs and selected health-related behaviors and problems. Data for this cross-sectional study come ...
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We examined racial/ethnic inequities in the prevalence of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and examined the association between ACEs and selected health-related behaviors and problems. Data for this cross-sectional study come from the 2018 Maryland Youth Risk Behavior Survey/Youth Tobacco Survey, a statewide survey of high school students (n = 40,188). ACEs included caregiver verbal abuse and household food insecurity, substance use or gambling, mental illness, and involvement with the criminal justice system. We estimated the prevalence of ACEs overall and by race/ethnicity, and then used multiple logistic regression to determine associations between ACEs and emotional/behavioral problems, adjusting for race/ethnicity. Outcome variables included emotional distress, poor school performance, suicidal ideation, fighting, alcohol use, and marijuana use. More than one fifth of students reported each individual ACE. Differences in the prevalence of ACEs by race/ethnicity were statistically significant (p < .001). More than one fourth (25.8%) reported one of the five ACEs, 15.1% reported two, and 15.4% reported three or more. For each ACE, reporting having experienced it (vs. not) was associated with a >30% higher prevalence for each of the outcome variables. Among students who reported three or more ACEs (relative to none), the odds of emotional distress and suicidal ideation were more than 8 times greater. Among Maryland adolescents, ACEs are common, are inequitably distributed by race/ethnicity, and are strongly linked to behavioral health. Findings suggest the need to monitor ACEs as a routine component of adolescent health surveillance and to refocus assessment and intervention toward "upstream" factors that shape adolescent health.
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Driving is the preferred source of personal transportation for older adults. However, personal transportation is not limited to owning and operating a car and can be conceptualized as utilization of different modes of transportati...
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Driving is the preferred source of personal transportation for older adults. However, personal transportation is not limited to owning and operating a car and can be conceptualized as utilization of different modes of transportation to meet personal mobility needs. The aims of this study are to describe the types and number of alternate transport sources of transportation used by older drivers and to explore whether the distances driven by older drivers vary by their use of alternate transport. This is a cross-sectional analysis of the baseline data from the Longitudinal Research on Aging Drivers (LongROAD) cohort study, which includes healthy drivers aged 65-79 years. The results suggest that most older drivers have at least one alternate source of transportation; most commonly riding as a passenger with a friend or family member (87%). Those who reported riding as passengers (OR = 0.69 [95% CI: 0.54-0.87]), riding a train (OR = 0.63 [95% CI: 0.49-0.81], using a taxi/ride share (OR = 0.75 [95% CI: 0.58-0.96]), or riding a bus (OR = 0.75 [95% CI: 0.56-0.99]) were less likely to drive shorter distances. The odds of driving only shorter distances was significantly lower among those who reported 1, 2, or 3+ types of alternate transport sources relative to those who reported no types. Communities should consider how to improve access to alternate transport sources for older adults, so as to mitigate the adverse health and social impacts of restricting driving.
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When older adults reduce their driving, there can be subsequent decreases in life satisfaction. In this cross-sectional study, we used baseline data from the multi-site Longitudinal Research on Aging Drivers (LongROAD) study to ex...
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When older adults reduce their driving, there can be subsequent decreases in life satisfaction. In this cross-sectional study, we used baseline data from the multi-site Longitudinal Research on Aging Drivers (LongROAD) study to examine whether social support moderates the negative association between reduced driving and life satisfaction. The outcome variable was life satisfaction, and the main predictor variable was past-year reduced driving (yes/no). Emotional, instrumental, and informational social support were measured using PROMIS v2.0 (Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System) items. We used generalized linear regression models to examine how social support moderated the association between reduced driving and life satisfaction. Statistical adjustment for social support attenuated the negative effect of reduced driving on life satisfaction by similar to 10% for all three types of social support.
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Airbnb hosts rent their homes to guests as an alternative to traditional hospitality settings. Airbnb venues are not uniformly regulated for allowing smoking or requiring fire-safety amenities. This study quantified the reported p...
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Airbnb hosts rent their homes to guests as an alternative to traditional hospitality settings. Airbnb venues are not uniformly regulated for allowing smoking or requiring fire-safety amenities. This study quantified the reported prevalence of fire-safety amenities in 413,339 Airbnb venues that allow smoking in 43 cities in 17 countries. Proportions of host-reported smoke detectors and carbon monoxide (CO) alarms, and those that allow smoking were calculated. Across the entire sample 9.3% (n. = 38,525) allowed smoking. An overall evaluation of those venues shows that 46% (n. = 17,569) had smoke detectors compared to 64% of the 374,814 venues that do not allow smoking, a statistically significant difference (X2 = 5277 p < 0.01). A similar difference is found between venues that allow smoking and had CO alarms (19%, n = 7176) and the 33% of venues that prohibit smoking (X2 = 3442, p < 0.01). Among this sample, most Airbnb venues that allow smoking are less likely to have safety amenities.
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